[Pathways] Kant: Eight Papers

KANT: EIGHT PAPERS

A fresh approach to a great thinker who has been grossly misunderstood and much abused.

Download: https://ia601505.us.archive.org/14/items/kant_20200220/KANT.pdf

D.R. Khashaba
dkhashaba@yahoo.com

[Pathways] Call for Papers - Human rights

CALL FOR PAPERS - HUMAN RIGHTS

The French journal Implications Philosophiques has just opened a broad call for paper on the topic of human rights. You may find the details of the call below.

Implications Philosophiques has been publishing special issues on a wide variety of topics since 2009, with a focus on interdisciplinary works where the philosophical methods meets with all the arts and sciences.

Since the mid-twentieth century, human rights seem to have evolved. They have multiplied and been increasingly diversified. New "generations" of rights, different from the original civil and political rights, have flourished.

In that process, human rights seem to have separated more and more from the individualistic conception to which they were closely related at the beginning. Nowadays, human rights seem to relate to a larger - but perhaps more ambiguous - conception of humanity linked to the idea of an equal concern and respect due to every human being. Because of their humanity, humans do not only have fundamental liberties; they also have legitimate aspirations - which may be individual or collective - that must be satisfied.

It is those more recent evolutions which we would like to account for.

In order to provide some guidance to the contributors, we have determined six possible approaches which are exposed below. However, the contributors are not required to choose one of those. Since the subject is very wide and complex, there are certainly other perspectives which would be of great interest. Moreover, for each possible approach we identified, a few references are given. However, those references are only examples. The contributors are not required to use them.

1. Human rights as subjective rights

When talking about human rights, one of the most difficult questions is: what do we mean with the word "right"? Indeed, in that context, that word seems very ambivalent for two reasons.

First, traditionally, human rights were not viewed as legal rights, that is, rights susceptible to be invoked before tribunals to support legal claims. This has only begun to change since the mid-twentieth century. From that point, more and more human rights have been "legalized" but not all of them. There are still a lot of rights which, for professional judges, have no value other than symbolic (for example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 is not legally binding). For those non-legal human rights, it is therefore unclear what the word "right" means (are they moral rights, political rights? And what does that mean?).

Second, even in the case of "legalized" human rights, the meaning of the word "right" remains unclear as it cannot be understood in its traditional sense, as the positive aspect of a specific debt or obligation (for example, what can be the precise content of the obligation corresponding to a "housing right"?). This also invites us to a broader reflection around the notions of subjective rights and natural rights.

2. Human rights as historical constructions

Human rights have much evolved over time. Their history dates back to the antiquity when the first doctrines of natural law appeared. Therefore, it is certainly very useful to study that historical development in order to properly explain what they are.

Besides, it might also be interesting to study the way human rights influenced the work of the main legal and political philosophers over time. In particular, studying the role that could be assigned to human rights in certain political and moral currents (such as utilitarism, libertarism, liberal-egalitarism, etc.) could be of great interest.

3. Human rights, law and morals

Human rights seem to be at the crossroads of law and morals. Therefore, their study may benefit from an examination of the existing connections between law and morals, as well as the distinction between those two notions (which remains one of the most controversial problems of the contemporary legal philosophy).

4. Human rights, democracy and the separation of powers

With the development of human rights, a new problem has emerged: that of their conciliation with the political ideas of democracy and separation of powers.

Some jurists have argued that the existence of multiple human rights the content of which is sometimes difficult to identify and which, moreover, frequently conflict with each other, provide the judges with the illegitimate power (in a democratic regime) to contradict the will expressed by the people's representatives.

Besides, the French philosopher Marcel Gauchet defended the idea that, because our contemporary democracies have made human rights a central component of politics, they have lost the ability to transform such rights into a real collective political power, leading to the paradoxical situation where, in returning to its original roots, democracy has become its own enemy.

Those criticisms show that the coexistence of human rights, democracy and the separation of powers is more problematic than it seems at first sight.

5. Practical aspects of human rights

It may also be interesting to question the role of human rights in political or altruist activism nowadays.

Especially, thoughts about their role in various philosophical approaches used for studying economic development would probably be very interesting. For example, one may study:

-- the connection between human rights and Amartya Sen's theory of capabilities;
-- the place of human rights in the economic literature on development;
-- the place of human rights in the United Nations' actions as well as in that of other international institutions (such as the World Bank) and of non-governmental organizations.

6. New issues regarding human rights

The more recent political and technological evolutions have raised several new problems regarding human rights.

A first example would be transhumanism and, more broadly, the progresses of medicine and technology. Such progresses should probably lead us to question the very notion of humanity and, thus, the object of what should or could be protected by human rights.

Furthermore, the various debates on animal welfare and artificial intelligence may lead us to question the relevance of the mere idea of "rights for humans": perhaps should we recognize those rights to a broader category of beings.

Information

The contributors must send their proposals (4.000 characters maximum, spaces included) to marc.lamballais@gmail.com before 15 April 2020. We will answer each proposal before 30 April 2020. Papers might be written in French or English, provided that the quality of the writing is excellent.

The authors will then have until 30 September 2020 to submit their papers. We expect to publish the papers towards the end of the year.

Some references

Section 1

-- Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld "Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning" in The Yale Law Journal, 1917, Vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 710-770;
-- Ronald Dworkin, Taking rights seriously, Bloomsbury, London, 2013 (especially chapter 7);
-- Joseph Raz, "On the nature of rights" in Mind, XCIII, 370, 1984, pp.194-214;
-- Joseph Raz, "Human rights without foundations" in Oxford Legal Studies, Research Paper No. 14/2007, mars 2007, available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=999874 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.999874 .

Section 2

-- Henri Sumner Maine, Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society, and its Relation to Modern Ideas, J. Murray, 1870 (especially chapters 1 to 5);
-- Jeremy Bentham, Anarchical Fallacies, 1796;
-- Edmund Burke, Reflections on The Revolution in France And Other Writings, Everyman, 2015;
-- Karl Marx, On the Jewish Question, Blurb, 2017;
-- John Rawls, Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press, 1999;
-- John Rawls, Justice as fairness: a restatement, Belknap Press, 2001;
-- Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, Basic Books, 2013.

Section 3

-- Herbert L.A. Hart, "Positivism and the separation of law and morals" in Harvard Law Review, Vol. 71, No. 4 (Feb., 1958), pp. 593-629;
-- Lon L. Fuller, The morality of Law, Yale University Press, 1977;
-- Harry W. Jones, "Law and Morality in the Perspective of Legal Realism" in Columbia Law Review, Vol. 61, no. 5, 1961, pp.799-809;
-- Ronald Dworkin, Taking rights seriously, op.cit.;
-- Joseph Raz, "Human rights in the emerging world order" in Transnational legal theory, 2010, no. 1 pp. 31-47.
-- Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford University Press, 2009.
-- John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights, Oxford University Press, 2011.

Section 4

-- Marcel Gauchet, La democratie contre elle-meme, Gallimard, Paris, 2002;
-- Karl N. Llewellyn, "A realistic jurisprudence - the next step", in Columbia Law Review, Vol. 30, no. 4, 1930, pp.431-465;
-- Jerome Frank, Law and the modern mind, Stevens & Sons Limited, London, 1949.

Section 5

-- Amartya Sen, On ethics and economics, Wiley-Blackwell, 1991
-- Amartya Sen, The idea of Justice, Belknap Press, 2011.
-- Amartya Sen, "Human rights and capabilities" in Journal of Human Development, Vol. 6, Issue no. 2, 2005, pp. 151-166.
-- Martha C. Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, Belknap Press, 2013.
Section 6

-- #BigData: Discrimination in data-supported decision making , report of the European Agency for Fundamental Rights, September 2018, available at https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2018/big-data-discrimination.
-- Roberto Manzocco, Transhumanism - Engineering the Human Condition: History, Philosophy and Current Status, Springer, 2019.
-- Stephen Holland, Bioethics: A Philosophical Introduction, Polity, 2016.
-- D.M. Broom, "Animal welfare: concepts and measurement" in Journal of Animal Science, Volume 69, Issue 10, October 1991, pp. 4167-4175.

Best regards

Marc Goetzmann

Lecturer in philosophy, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne
PhD, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UCA
Editor-in-chief for http://www.implications-philosophiques.org

ATER Universite de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA)
Agrege de philosophie. Docteur, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, membre de l'Universite Cote d'Azur. Redacteur en chef pour http://www.implications-philosophiques.org

[Pathways] Georges Kassabgi 'What Gave You That Idea? Rediscovering the Development of Our Worldviews'

What Gave You That Idea?
Rediscovering the Development of Our Worldviews

The first essay was completed in 2012; I  then organized discussions with readers and other interested parties (private and academic settings) which in turn allowed me to write a directly related "Postscripts" by mid-2018. 

In other words, these two documents represent the outcome of a twenty-year long studying/writing project as an independent scholar.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327418696_Georges_Kassabgi_What_Gave_You_That_Idea_Rediscovering_the_Development_of_Our_Worldviews

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327418932_PostScripts_4_July_Final_2018

My guiding philosophy (as in "love-of-wisdom" as ancient Greek minds would say) highlights are, inter alia --

-- no human knows everything and as a consequence we use assumptions and/or a selected hypothesis

-- diversity is part of Nature but our world is one (though both material and nonmaterial properties co-exist within)

-- each worldview has value...up to a point

-- at the start of a discussion, let's emphasize that no thing is simple

-- with my essay, I introduce a new hypothesis and present the outline of a multidisciplinary study project

Georges Kassabji
giccology@gmail.com

[Pathways] Thales's Well Philosophy Podcast

The Thales' Well podcast explores the world of Philosophy along with Politics, Current Affairs, Literature, and Film. Each episode sees a lively conversation with a leading scholar in their field, discussing and expanding upon an aspect of philosophy very close to their heart. This month we spoke with philosopher and author Lars Iyer about his new novel Nietzsche and the Burbs. 

 

The podcast is hosted by Dr Patrick O'Connor, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Nottingham Trent University, and President of the British Society for Phenomenology. If anyone is interested in promoting their research on Thales' Well please send me an expression of interest. Interviews can be conducted in person or via Skype. 

 

Thales' Well is hosted on Podbean, but can also be accessed online for free at TuneIn, Player FM, and Stitcher and the other usual podcatchers. You can download apps from all these sites to listen on your smart phone, and you can of course subscribe via iTunes.

 

You can follow Dr Patrick O'Connor on Twitter @drphilocity.


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[Pathways] The Philosophy of Love (Actually) | Forum for Philosophy

THE FORUM FOR PHILOSOPHY
Science, politics & culture from a philosophical perspective
www.philosophy-forum.org

Events are free, open to all, and no registration is required

*The Philosophy of Love (Actually)*
6.30-8pm, Tuesday 4 February 2020
Wolfson Theatre, New Academic Building, LSE

This Valentine's Day, what better pursuit than to overthink relationships? Marking the death of Stanley Cavell, we explore the philosophy of film in general, and the rom-com in particular. Can we take philosophical lesson from film? From* Bringing up Baby* and *Roman Holiday* to *My Big Fat Greek Wedding* and *Love Actually*, what makes a film a rom-com, and can this genre teach us anything about the ethics of relationships?

Speakers

Sarah Churchwell, Chair of Public Understanding of the Humanities & Professorial Fellow in American Literature, School of Advanced Study, University of London
Robert Hanks, Journalist and critic
Catherine Wheatley, Senior Lecturer in Film Studies, KCL

More information: http://bit.ly/2Oy8eQm

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[Pathways] Public Understanding of Science Lecture: Democracy, Social Cohesion and Technology; the place of robust knowledge

Oxford University's Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics is hosting a major Public Understanding of Science lecture in March in the Sherrington Building entitled Democracy, Social Cohesion and Technology; the place of robust knowledge, covering a broad and diverse crossover subject matter that will appeal to a large number of the University's staff and students and is being delivered by Sir Peter Gluckman, Chair of the International Network of Government Science Advice and President-Elect of the International Science Council. Our Head of Department would very much like to bring this to the attention of Humanities departments as it should be relevant and of interest to many.

Sir Peter is a former Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Ministers of New Zealand and has served on several IMF and OECD advisory groups related to science and technology and to the digital transition. He has also written and spoken extensively on science-policy, science-diplomacy and science-society interactions and will be pitching the lecture appropriately to a wide audience of both University staff, students and members of the public.

Event details in brief:

Date: Thursday 12 March 2020, 4pm

Location: Sherrington Large Lecture Theatre, Sherrington Building, Off Parks Road
Followed by a drinks reception in the Sherrington reception foyer from 5pm

Title: Democracy, Social Cohesion and Technology; the place of robust knowledge

OxTalks listing with abstract and speaker bio: https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/344a8526-0201-4cb3-95ec-b4eb72f5cd6b/

DPAG Event page: https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/about-us/charles-sherrington-lecture/sherrington-prize-lecture-2020-public-understanding-of-science

DR Geoffrey Klempner.

          RIP. Dr Geoffrey Klempner (1951-2022).           Absolute pleasure to have known and work with you since 2003. ...